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as part of a word

  • 1 part of speech

    جُزْء من أجزاء الكلام \ part of speech: (in the study of language) a kind of word, such as verb or noun.

    Arabic-English glossary > part of speech

  • 2 quelque part

    adv. 'You-know-where', euphemistic blanket-word for places one would rather not mention by name. Il peut se le mettre quelque part! He can stuff it up his jumper! Aller quelque part: To go and 'wash one's hands' (i.e. to go to the loo).

    Dictionary of Modern Colloquial French > quelque part

  • 3 ordklasse

    * * *
    part of speech; word class.

    Danish-English dictionary > ordklasse

  • 4 ordklasse

    * * *
    subst. part of speech, word class

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > ordklasse

  • 5 orð-slunginn

    part. cunning in word, Þórð. (1860) 99.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > orð-slunginn

  • 6 pan-

    Dicionário português (brasileiro)-Inglês > pan-

  • 7 accent

    عَلامَة النَّبْر \ accent: a mark used (in writing) to show the special force given to a word or part of a word or a particular quality of sound. \ لَفَظَ بِنَبْرٍ \ accent: to say (a word or part of a word) with special force: In pronouncing the word ‘bookshop’, ‘book’ is accented. \ See Also تشديد (تشديد)‏ \ لَكْنَة \ accent: a special way of speaking: Mr Brown speaks Spanish with an English accent. \ لَهْجَة \ accent: a special way of speaking: Mr Brown speaks Spanish with an English accent. \ See Also لكنة (لَكْنَة)‏ \ نَبَرَ \ accent: to say (a word or part of a word) with special force: In pronouncing the word ‘bookshop’, ‘book’ is accented. \ نَبْر \ accent: special force given to a word or part of a word.

    Arabic-English glossary > accent

  • 8 PARTR

    (-s, -ar), m. part, share.
    * * *
    m. [Lat.], a part, share, the word appears in writers of the 14th and the end of the 13th century, Stj. 50, Grett. 162, Al. 89, Ann. 824, Dipl. v. 3, Bs. i. 848; ok keypti honum þar part í skipi, Fb. ii. 105 (where Fbr. 25 new Ed. omits the word part); nokkurn part (acc.), partly, Fms. viii. 94 (v. l.), passim in mod. usage; but the true old word is hlutr:—as a measure, part of a degree, Rb. 480: of time, 489, MS. 732. 2, 7: a party, máls-partr, q. v. parta-lauss, adj. unparcelled, Boldt.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > PARTR

  • 9 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 10 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 11 Silbe

    f; -, -n syllable; die Silben trennen divide by syllables; offene / geschlossene Silbe LING. open / closed syllable; wie viele Silben schreiben Sie? Kurzschrift: what is your shorthand speed?; keine Silbe not a word; mit keiner Silbe erwähnen not breathe a word about; ich verstehe keine Silbe I can’t understand a word, it’s all Greek to me
    * * *
    die Silbe
    syllable
    * * *
    Sịl|be ['zɪlbə]
    f -, -n
    syllable

    er hat es mit keiner Silbe erwähnt/verraten — he didn't say/breathe a word about it

    * * *
    (a word or part of a word usually containing a vowel sound: `Cheese' has one syllable, `but-ter' two and `mar-ga-rine' three.) syllable
    * * *
    Sil·be
    <-, -n>
    [ˈzɪlbə]
    f syllable
    eine kurze/lange \Silbe a short/long syllable
    auf etw akk mit keiner \Silbe eingehen to not go into sth, to not say a word about sth
    etw mit keiner \Silbe erwähnen not to mention sth at all, not to breathe [or say] a word about sth
    keine \Silbe not one word
    ich verstehe keine \Silbe I can't hear a word
    * * *
    die; Silbe, Silben syllable
    * * *
    Silbe f; -, -n syllable;
    die Silben trennen divide by syllables;
    offene/geschlossene Silbe LING open/closed syllable;
    wie viele Silben schreiben Sie? Kurzschrift: what is your shorthand speed?;
    keine Silbe not a word;
    mit keiner Silbe erwähnen not breathe a word about;
    ich verstehe keine Silbe I can’t understand a word, it’s all Greek to me
    * * *
    die; Silbe, Silben syllable
    * * *
    -n f.
    syllable n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Silbe

  • 12 لفظ

    لَفَظَ \ pronounce: to say a word or letter in a certain way: The word ‘prong’ is pronounced. spit: (with out or a phrase of place) to throw (sth.) out of the mouth: The fruit was so sour that he spat it out. utter: to make a sound (a word; a cry) with the mouth: He didn’t utter a word (He said nothing at all). \ لَفَظَ بِنَبْرٍ \ accent: to say (a word or part of a word) with special force: In pronouncing the word ‘bookshop’, ‘book’ is accented. \ See Also تشديد( تشديد)‏

    Arabic-English dictionary > لفظ

  • 13 أكد

    أَكَّدَ \ affirm: to declare that sth. is true: He affirmed that his friend had not left the house at the time of the murder. assert: to declare firmly: They asserted that it was not their fault. assure: to try to make sb. believe sth.; tell as a certain fact: I assure you that all will be well.. confirm: to say or show that sth. (which lacked proof or certainty) is certain or true: A medical examination comfirmed his fear that he was suffering from a chest disease. declare: to say firmly, without doubt: He declared that he would never return. maintain: to say firmly (although others disagree): He maintains that the accident was not his fault. \ See Also قالَ جازِمًا، طمأن (طَمْأَن)‏ \ أَكَّدَ على \ emphasize: to give a word or idea special force: My teacher emphasized the need for better writing. If you put a line under a word, you emphasize it. stress: to treat (sth.) as important, by saying it loudly or very seriously; say (a syllable) louder than the rest of a word: The speaker stressed the need for more schools. We stress the ‘peat’ part of the word ‘repeat’. \ See Also شَدَّدَ على

    Arabic-English dictionary > أكد

  • 14 نبرة

    نَبْرَة \ accent: special force given to a word or part of a word. emphasis: special force given to a word or idea, to show that it is important. stress: stressing: We lay stress on important matters. In the word ‘camel’ the stress is on ‘cam’. We show this by the stress mark.

    Arabic-English dictionary > نبرة

  • 15 accent

    نَبْرَة \ accent: special force given to a word or part of a word. emphasis: special force given to a word or idea, to show that it is important. stress: stressing: We lay stress on important matters. In the word ‘camel’ the stress is on ‘cam’. We show this by the stress mark.

    Arabic-English glossary > accent

  • 16 emphasis

    نَبْرَة \ accent: special force given to a word or part of a word. emphasis: special force given to a word or idea, to show that it is important. stress: stressing: We lay stress on important matters. In the word ‘camel’ the stress is on ‘cam’. We show this by the stress mark.

    Arabic-English glossary > emphasis

  • 17 stress

    نَبْرَة \ accent: special force given to a word or part of a word. emphasis: special force given to a word or idea, to show that it is important. stress: stressing: We lay stress on important matters. In the word ‘camel’ the stress is on ‘cam’. We show this by the stress mark.

    Arabic-English glossary > stress

  • 18 emphasize

    أَكَّدَ على \ emphasize: to give a word or idea special force: My teacher emphasized the need for better writing. If you put a line under a word, you emphasize it. stress: to treat (sth.) as important, by saying it loudly or very seriously; say (a syllable) louder than the rest of a word: The speaker stressed the need for more schools. We stress the ‘peat’ part of the word ‘repeat’. \ See Also شَدَّدَ على

    Arabic-English glossary > emphasize

  • 19 stress

    أَكَّدَ على \ emphasize: to give a word or idea special force: My teacher emphasized the need for better writing. If you put a line under a word, you emphasize it. stress: to treat (sth.) as important, by saying it loudly or very seriously; say (a syllable) louder than the rest of a word: The speaker stressed the need for more schools. We stress the ‘peat’ part of the word ‘repeat’. \ See Also شَدَّدَ على

    Arabic-English glossary > stress

  • 20 ऊर्ध्व _ūrdhva

    ऊर्ध्व a. Erect, upright, above; ˚केश &c.; rising or tending upwards.
    -2 Raised, elevated, erected; हस्तः, ˚पादः &c.
    -3 High, superior, upper.
    -4 Not sitting (opp. आसीन).
    -5 Torn (as hair).
    -6 Thrown up.
    -र्ध्वम् Elevation, height.
    -र्ध्वम् -ind.
    1 Upwards, aloft, above. अधश्चोर्ध्वं च प्रसृतम् Muṇḍ. Up.2.2.11; अधश्चोर्ध्वं प्रसृतास्तस्य शाखाः Bg.15.1.
    -2 In the sequel (= उपरिष्टात्).
    -3 In a high tone, aloud.
    -4 Afterwards, subsequent to (with abl.); शरीरभेदादूर्ध्वमुत्क्रम्य पुनः Ait. Up.4.6. ते त्र्यहादूर्ध्वमाख्याय Ku.6.93; ऊर्ध्वं संवत्सरात् Ms.9.77; Y.1.53; R.14.66; Bk.18.36; पितुरूर्ध्वम् Ms.9.14 after the father's death; अत ऊर्ध्वम् hence forward, hereafter.
    -Comp. -अङ्गुलि a. with uplifted finger.
    - अयन a. going upwards. (
    -नम्) motion above.
    -आवर्तः rearing of a horse.
    -आसितः the plant Momordica Charantia (कारवेल्ल; Mar. कारलें)
    -ईहः motion or tendency upwards.
    -कच, -केश a.
    1 having the hair erect.
    -2 one whose hair is torn.
    -कचः 1 The descending node.
    -2 N. of Ketu.
    -केशी N. of a goddess; ऊर्ध्वकेशी विरूपाक्षी मांसशोणितभोजने Sandhyā.
    -कण्ठ a. with the neck upraised. (
    -ण्ठी) N. of a plant (महाशतावरी).
    -कर्ण a. with the ears pricked up or erect; निभृतोर्ध्वकर्णाः Ś.1.8.
    -कर्मन् n.
    -क्रिया 1 motion upwards.
    -2 action for attaining a high place. -m. N. of Viṣṇu.
    -कायः, -यम् the upper part of the body.
    -कृशन a. having the sharp qualities stirred up (Soma) efferves- cing (?); अयं बिभर्त्यूर्ध्वकृशनं मदम् Rv.1.144.2.
    -ग, -गामिन् a.
    1 going upwards, ascended, rising; भुवा सहोष्माणममुञ्चदूर्ध्वगम् Ku.5.23.
    -2 being on high.
    -3 virtuous, pious.
    (-गः) 1 a kind of disease.
    -2 N. of of Viṣṇu; ˚पुरम् the city of Hariśchandra.
    -गत a. gone up, risen, ascended.
    -गति a. going upwards. (
    -तिः f.)
    -गमः, -गमनम् 1 ascent, elevation.
    -2 going to heaven.
    -3 going above (as life).
    -4 Fire.
    -चरण, -पाद a. having the feet upwards.
    (-णः) 1 A kind of ascetic or devotee.
    -2 a fabulous animal called Śarabha. (
    -पादम्) A kind of dance; Dk.2.8.
    -चित् a. Ved. collecting, piling or heaping up.
    -जानु, -ज्ञ, -ज्ञु a. [ऊर्ध्वमुच्चं जानु यस्य]
    1 raising the knees, sitting on the hams; क्षणमयमनुभूय स्वप्नमूर्ध्वज्ञुरेव Śi.11.11.
    -2 long-shanked.
    -तालः A kind of time (ताल in music).
    -तिलकिन् a. having a sectarian mark on the forehead.
    -दंष्ट्र (ष्ट्रा) केश N. of Śiva (whose teeth and hair are erect).
    -दृश् m. A Crab.
    -दृष्टि, -नेत्र a.
    1 looking upwards.
    -2 (fig.) aspiring, ambitious. (
    -ष्टिः f.) concentrating the sight on the spot between the eyebrows (in Yoga Phil.)
    -द्वारम् The gate opening into heaven.
    -देवः a superior deity, i. e. Viṣṇu.
    -देहः a funeral ceremony; ˚निमित्तार्थमहं दातुं जला- ञ्जलिम् Rām.
    -नभस् a. being above in the clouds.
    -पथः the upper region, the ether.
    -पातनम् causing to ascend, sublimation (as of mercury),
    -पात्रम् a sacrificial vessel; सौवर्णराजताब्जानामूर्ध्वपात्रग्रहाश्मनाम् Y.1.182.
    -पुण्ड्रः, -ण्ड्रकः a perpendicular sign of sandal on the forehead of a Brāhmaṇa.
    -पूरम् ind. full to the brim, full to overflowing; ˚रं पूर्यते Sk.
    -पृश्नि a. Ved. spotted above. (
    -श्निः) a sacrificial beast.
    -प्रमाणम् Height altitude.
    -बर्हिस् a. Ved. being above the sacrificial grass. -m. a kind of manes called सोमप.
    -बाहुः a devotee who constantly holds his arms above his head till they are fixed in that position. ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्विरौम्येष न च कश्चित् शृणोति माम् Mb.
    -बुध्न a. Ved. upside- down, topsy-turvy; अर्वाग्विलश्चमस ऊर्ध्वबुध्नः Bṛi. Up. 2.2.3.
    -भागः 1 the upper part.
    -2 any part of a word coming after another part.
    -भाज् a.
    1 being upwards.
    -2 enjoying the upper part. (-m.) the submarine fire.
    -मन्थिन् a. living in perpetual chastity, a Brahmachārin; वाताशना य ऋषयः श्रमणा ऊर्ध्व- मन्थिनः Bhāg.11.6.48.
    -मानम् an instrument for measuring altitudes; ऊर्ध्वमानं किलोन्मानं परिमाणं तु सर्वतः Mbh. on P.V.1.19.
    -मायु a. sending forth a loud noise.
    -मारुतम् pressure of the wind (of the body) upwards.
    -मुख a. having the mouth or opening upwards; cast or directed upwards; प्रबोधयत्यूर्ध्वमुखैर्मुयूखैः Ku.1.16; R.3.57. (
    -खम्) the upper part of the mouth.
    -मूल a. having the roots upwards. ऊर्ध्वमूलमधः शाखमश्वत्थं प्राहुरव्यम् । छन्दांसि यस्य पर्णानि यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् ॥ Bg.15.1.9.
    -मौहूर्तिक a. happening after a short time.
    -रेत, -रेतस् a. [ऊर्ध्वमूर्ध्वगं नाधः पतत् रेतो यस्य] one who lives in perpetual celibacy or abstains from sexual inter- course; यतीनामूर्ध्वरेतसाम् Mb.3.233.44. (-m.)
    1 N. of Śiva.
    -2 Bhīṣma.
    -लिङ्गः, -लिङ्गिन् N. of Śiva. (Having the membrum virile above, i. e. chaste)
    -लोकः the upper world, heaven.
    -वक्त्रः (pl.) N. of a class of deities.
    -वर्त्मन् m. the atmosphere.
    -वातः, -वायुः the wind in the upper part of the body (उदान).
    -वालम् Yak-tail (चमरीपुच्छ); परिधायोर्ध्ववालं तु Mb.12.165.72.
    -वृत a. put on above, put over the head or shoulder (as the sacred thread of a Brāhmaṇa); कार्पासमुपवीतं स्याद्विप्रस्योर्ध्ववृतं त्रिवृत् Ms.2.44.
    -शायिन् a. sleeping with the face upwards (as a child). (-m.) N. of Śiva.
    -शोधनम् vomiting.
    -शोधनः Soap-nut tree and fruit, Sapindus Emarginatus (Mar. रिठा).
    -शोषम् ind. so as to dry (anything) above; यद्वोर्ध्वशोषं तृणवद् विशुल्कः Bk.3.14.
    -श्वासः expiration; a kind of asthma.
    -सानु a. rising higher and higher; surpassing; कनिक्रदत् पतयदूर्ध्वसानुः Rv.1.152.5. (-m., -n.) the top of a mountain.
    -स्थ a. being above, superior.
    -स्थितिः f.
    1 the rearing of a horse.
    -2 a horse's back.
    -3 eleva- tion, superiority.
    -स्रोतस् m.
    1 an ascetic who abstains from sexual intercourse; cf. ऊर्ध्वरेतस्.
    -2 N. of a creation of beings whose stream of life or current of nutriment tends upwards.
    -3 a plant.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > ऊर्ध्व _ūrdhva

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  • part exchange — UK US noun [uncountable] british a method of buying something new such as a car by giving your old one as part of the payment for the new one in part exchange: They offered to take my old car in part exchange. Thesaurus: describing ways of buying …   Useful english dictionary

  • Word stem — Examples The stem of the verb wait is wait: it is the part that is common to all its inflected variants. wait (infinitive) wait (imperative) waits (present, 3rd person, singluar) wait (present, other persons and/or plural) waited (simple past)… …   Wikipedia

  • word class — noun one of the traditional categories of words intended to reflect their functions in a grammatical context (Freq. 3) • Syn: ↑part of speech, ↑form class • Hypernyms: ↑grammatical category, ↑syntactic category • Hyponyms …   Useful english dictionary

  • Word — A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together, and has a phonetic value. Typically a word will consist of a root or stem and zero or more affixes. Words can… …   Wikipedia

  • word of mouth —   a term referring to the public discussion or buzz that a film can acquire, fueled by sneak previews and advance advertising; word of mouth is an important marketing element in a film s success or failure positive word of mouth gives a film legs …   Glossary of cinematic terms

  • word element — /ˈwɜd ɛləmənt/ (say werd eluhmuhnt) noun a part of a word which is meaningful, often a combining form in the language from which the word is derived, as archy meaning rule which in Greek is the combining form of archia …  

  • Part-of-speech tagging — (POS tagging or POST), also called grammatical tagging or word category disambiguation, is the process of marking up the words in a text as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition, as well as its context i.e.,… …   Wikipedia

  • Word Association — is a common word game involving an exchange of words that are associated together.How to playOnce an original word has been chosen, usually randomly or arbitrarily, a player will find a word that they associate with it and make it known to all… …   Wikipedia

  • Word Records — Parent company Warner Music Group Founded 1951 Distributor(s) World Distribution( …   Wikipedia

  • Word of Blake — was once part of ComStar, part of the fictional BattleTech universe, but splintered from the order due to a difference in beliefs. Contents 1 ComStar 2 The Schism 3 Weapons of Mass Destruction 4 …   Wikipedia

  • Word Alive — was a large student Christian held each year at the Skegness, UK Butlins site, during the Easter holiday period. The conference was organised by Spring Harvest, UCCF and Keswick Convention as part of the Spring Harvest bible conference. The… …   Wikipedia

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